DOWNLOAD PDF

Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles

¹Buba Mohammed, ²Maitera O.N, and ³Bala Suleiman

^1&3Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi Adamawa State

²Department of chemistry, Modibbo Adama University, Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

Corresponding author :- bubanenne58@gmail.com, 08036823918

ABSTRACT

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and analyzed for various properties. Analysis of the XRD spectra of the synthesized nanoparticles showed 46 % crystalline zincite and the average grain size was calculated to be around 39.63 nm, studies of the FTIR spectra measured over the range between 4000–500cm⁻¹ proved the presence of Zn Obonding of the synthesized nanoparticles at 734.26 to 1473.71 cm^-1.SEMimage of the synthesized nano particles showed the formation of agglomerated nanoparticles of different shapes whose size are within the nanometer range while, cyclic voltamo gram of the immobilized ZnO nanoparticles on GCE also showed significant increase in redox peak current when compared to the bare (un-immobilized) GCE. It can be concluded from the obtained results that ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully produced which can be used to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors.

Keywords :- XRD analysis, FTIR studies, SEM image analysis, Cyclic voltammogram

INTRODUCTION

Metal oxide nanoparticles have found a wide range of applications in the fields of science and innovation nowadays, owing to their distinctive electrical, mechanical, optical, and magnetic characteristics [1]. Because of its vital applications as catalytic agents, photovoltaic cells, textile fabrics, and polymers, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered a considerable deal of interest from researchers in recent years [2]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap (3.37 eV) semiconductor with a large exciton binding energy (60 mV) and one of the most widely used and studied functional oxides [3], it is also one of the most preferred materials in material science researchfield [4]; [5] Zinc oxide is a low-cost material and easily available in nature[6]. Zn On a noparticles are transparent to visible part of light and absorbing UV radiations. It is less toxic, high resistant and durable material  [7]. Morphology of ZnO nanoparticles can be easily modified [8]. Electron mobility is very high for ZnO nanostructures [9]. Several techniques such as chemical vapour deposition, spray pyrolysis, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method et care readily available for the synthesis of nano materials. However, preparation techniques play a very important role in determining the size and shape of nanoparticles [10]. Hydrothermal method has been attracted many researchers due of its distinct advantages likes imple equipment, low cost and mild preparation in conditions [3].It is an environment friendly technique. Size and shape of nanomaterials can be modified by hydrothermal method. Morphology of nanoparticles mainly depends on reaction time, temperature and concentration of reacting solutions. This in turn affects the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles. Particles are choosing for various applications according to their morphology [11]. The present work presents the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles obtained through a homogeneous phase reaction between zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide at high temperature. The particles were then characterized, by evaluating their crystallinity through X-ray diffractometry, their chemical composition through FTIR spectroscopy, their shape and size via SEM microscopy, and the specific surface area. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were also studied using cyclic voltammetry.

CONCLUSION

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The XRD confirms the crystal structure and phase purity of the sample. FT-IR analysis confirms the formation of the Zn-O bond in the ZnO nanoparticles. The SEM of ZnO nanoparticles shows the formation agglomerated particles of different shapes within the range of nanometer. The electrochemical behaviour of the ZnO nanoparticles modified GCE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results conclude that the ZnO nanoparticles will have potential application in the electrochemical sensor.

REFERENCES

1. Ahmad, H., Venugopal, K., Rajagopal, K., De Britto, S., Nandini, B., Pushpalatha, H. G., Konappa, N., Udayashankar, A. C., Geetha, N., & Jogaiah, S. (2020). Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globules and their fungicidal ability against pathogenic fungi of apple orchards. Biomolecules, 10(3), 425.
2. Thakur, S., Shandilya, M., & Guleria, G. (2021). Appraisement of antimicrobial zinc oxide nanoparticles through Cannabis Jatropha curcasa Alovera and Tinosporacordifolia leaves by green synthesis process. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 104882.
3. Babu, K. S., & Narayanan, V. (2013). Hydrothermal synthesis of hydrated zinc oxide nanoparticles and its characterization. Chemical Science Transactions, 2(S1), S33-S36.
4. Chauhan, J., Shrivastav, N., Dugaya, A., & Pandey, D. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of Ni and Cu doped ZnO. Nanomed. Nanotechnol, 1, 26-34.
5. Vaishnav, D., & Goyal, R. (2014). Thermal and dielectric properties of high performance polymer/ZnO nanocomposites. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
6. Naveed Ul Haq, A., Nadhman, A., Ullah, I., Mustafa, G., Yasinzai, M., & Khan, I. (2017). Synthesis approaches of zinc oxide nanoparticles: the dilemma of ecotoxicity. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017.
7. Karthik, K., Dhanuskodi, S., Gobinath, C., Prabukumar, S., & Sivaramakrishnan, S. (2018). Multifunctional properties of microwave assisted CdO–NiO–ZnO mixed metal oxide nanocomposite: enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29, 5459-5471.
8. Chu, H. O., Quan, W., Shi, Y.-j., Song, S.-g., Liu, W.-g., Shun, Z., Gibson, D., Alajlani, Y., & Cheng, L. (2020). Structural, optical properties and optical modelling of hydrothermal chemical growth derived ZnO nanowires. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 30(1), 191-199.
9. Thambidurai, S., Gowthaman, P., Venkatachalam, M., & Suresh, S. (2020). Enhanced bactericidal performance of nickel oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposites synthesized by facile chemical co-precipitation method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 830, 154642.
10. Manjula, N., Pulikkutty, S., & Chen, S.-M. (2022). Hexagonal plate-like NiO/ZnO for highly selective detection of antibiotic drugs in food and biological samples. FlatChem, 34, 100391.
11. Degefa, A., Bekele, B., Jule, L. T., Fikadu, B., Ramaswamy, S., Dwarampudi, L. P., Nagaprasad, N., & Ramaswamy, K. (2021). Green synthesis, characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles, and examination of properties for dye-sensitive solar cells using various vegetable extracts. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021, 1-9.
12. Mohan, S., Vellakkat, M., Aravind, A., & Reka, U. (2020). Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles of various shapes under different reaction conditions. Nano Express, 1(3), 030028.
13. Miao, Y., Zhang, H., Yuan, S., Jiao, Z., & Zhu, X. (2016). Preparation of flower-like ZnO architectures assembled with nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Journal of colloid and interface science, 462, 9-18.
14. Ali, K., Dwivedi, S., Azam, A., Saquib, Q., Al-Said, M. S., Alkhedhairy, A. A., & Musarrat, J. (2016). Aloe vera extract functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. Journal of colloid and interface science, 472, 145-156.
15. Chouhan, S., Bajpai, A., Bajpai, J., Katare, R., & Dhoble, S. (2017). Mechanical and UV absorption behavior of zinc oxide nanoparticles: reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol-g-acrylonitrile) nanocomposite films. Polymer Bulletin, 74, 4119-4141.
16. Habeeb Alshamsi, H. A., & Hussein, B. S. (2018). Hydrothermal preparation of silver doping zinc oxide nanoparticles: Studys, characterization and photocatalytic activity. J. Chem, 34(4), 1898-1907.
17. Verma, R., Pathak, S., Srivastava, A. K., Prawer, S., & Tomljenovic-Hanic, S. (2021). ZnO nanomaterials: Green synthesis, toxicity evaluation and new insights in biomedical applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 876, 160175.
18. Widiarti, N., Sae, J., & Wahyuni, S. (2017). Synthesis CuO-ZnO nanocomposite and its application as an antibacterial agent. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
19. Olad, A., & Gharekhani, H. (2015). Preparation and electrochemical investigation of the polyaniline/activated carbon nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, 81, 19-26.