Nanoformulated Phytochemicals in Obesity Therapy: Enhancing Bioavailability and Target Specificity of Natural Compounds

Mugisha Emmanuel K.

Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, terpenoids and alkaloids show robust anti-obesity activity in vitro and in animal models through modulation of adipogenesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis, inflammation, insulin signaling and gut microbiota. However, their translation into effective human therapies is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism and limited tissue targeting. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer a rational solution by protecting phytochemicals from degradation, enhancing absorption, prolonging circulation and directing them to metabolically relevant tissues. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which key phytochemicals exert anti-obesity effects, outlines pharmacokinetic barriers and describes major classes of nanocarriers, including lipid-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, polymeric systems, phytosomes and hybrid platforms. We discuss targeted and stimuli-responsive nanoformulations aimed at adipose tissue, liver and gut, and highlight preclinical evidence that nanoencapsulation enhances efficacy of curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, berberine and related compounds. Finally, we examine safety, quality, regulatory and equity challenges, and propose future directions for integrating nanoformulated phytochemicals into precision obesity therapy.

Keywords: Obesity; Phytochemicals; Nanocarriers; Bioavailability; Targeted therapy

CITE AS: Mugisha Emmanuel K. (2026). Nanoformulated Phytochemicals in Obesity Therapy: Enhancing Bioavailability and Target Specificity of Natural Compounds. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PHARMACY,7(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJPP/2026/71110000