NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES (NIJSES)

Volume 3 Issue 3 2023

Types of Injuries and Treatment Outcomes among Patients Admitted at Surgical Ward of Hoima Regional Referal Hospital Hoima District.

Nagudi Agnes Catherine

Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Ugandan.

ABSTRACT

Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death which accounted for a quarter of 5 million injury deaths, specifically in the 15-29 age categories. It is predicted to be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 in the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, injury-related mortality and morbidity are very high specifically in low and middle-income countries from which road traffic injury takes the lion’s share. The main purpose of this study was to examine the types of injuries and treatment outcomes among patients admitted to the surgical ward of Hoima regional referral hospital Hoima District. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. All trauma patients during the past five years visiting Hoima Regional Referral Hospital were included in the study, Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study findings.  The continuous variable was described by mean ± standard deviation. The proportion and frequency table was used to summarize categorical variables. The study findings revealed that the majority (37%) of respondents used rehabilitative therapy to improve strength and function after injury, (21%) cited antibiotic ointments or liquids to reduce the risk of infection, (32%) cited pain medications to reduce discomfort unlike (10%) cited on resuscitation to maintain circulation, airway, ventilation, and blood volume. The study concluded that a higher proportion of trauma victims and admissions were male patients aged 11–40 years. Road traffic accident (RTC) was the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The study recommended that motorists should be encouraged to use seat belts, child safety seats and motorcycle helmet for both rider and passenger. Pedestrians be reserved enough side space to walk comfortably with reduced risk of falling into speeding vehicles.

Keywords: Road traffic injuries, Death, Patients, Road traffic accident, Trauma victims.

INTRODUCTION

Globally, injury has become a life-threatening community health problem associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) injury and violence surveillance, more than 5 million people die per year due to injury which accounts for 9% of the world’s deaths [1, 2]. This figure is more than the combined fatalities resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis. Approximately, 90% of injury-related mortality occurred in low and middle-income countries. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death which accounted for a quarter of 5 million injury deaths, specifically in the 15-29 age categories. It is predicted to be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 in the world [3]. In sub-Saharan Africa, injury-related mortality and morbidity are very high specifically in low and middle-income countries from which road traffic injury takes the lion’s share [4]. Recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) showed that mortality related to injury in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to be 14.6/100000 persons in 2020 compared to 97/100000 persons worldwide. In Ethiopia, epidemiological studies showed that the pattern and outcomes of injury are variable in different regions of the country.  A study conducted in the University of Gondar revealed that the prevalence of injury was 25%, and of these, 82% were young males. The commonest mechanisms of injury were assault (49.9%) and road traffic accidents (48%) [5]. Another multicenter study conducted in Amhara regional state showed that the prevalence of injury in the region was 55.5% [6]. Those who were young and daily labourers, substance abusers, and those who were had low monthly incomes were the most likely injury victims. A study conducted in Tikur Anbesa Specialized and Teaching Hospital showed that the prevalence of injury was 32.5%.  In this cross-sectional study, road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury (38%) followed by violence (31.5%).  Young population (20-29 years) and those with low monthly income (less than 650 Ethiopian Birr) were more likely to sustain injury incidents compared to the other population groups [1]. In East Africa, the distribution of injury by mechanisms varies for death, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits. The two leading causes of trauma-related death are related to motor vehicles and firearms, accounting for 29% and 18%, respectively, of all injury-related deaths in 2003. [1], in contrast, falls, the leading cause of non-fatal injury, account for about one-third of hospitalizations and emergency department visits (15% and 18%, respectively). Leading causes of death among the fatal injuries are injuries sustained to the central nervous system for 40% to 50% of the total, and the second one is haemorrhage, accounting for 30% to 35%. [7], found represented 21% of 12,140 trauma patients over a 28-year period. In the same country still, Maier et al. found that among the patients receiving cranial CT scans, 10.3% had trauma pathologies in the urban private hospital setting and 21.6% had traumatic pathologies in the rural referral hospital setting. In Kenya [4], found that among patients received at an urban referral hospital following road traffic injuries, 7% suffered from a head injury. In Uganda, to improve epidemiologic surveillance of injuries in Uganda, the Injury Control Centre-Uganda established a trauma registry in 1998, after piloting and validating an instrument for data collection. This registry has been used in five Ugandan hospitals since 1998 [8].

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CITE AS:Nagudi Agnes Catherine (2023). Types of Injuries and Treatment Outcomes among Patients Admitted at Surgical Ward of Hoima Regional Referal Hospital Hoima District. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES (NIJSES)3(3):99-109.

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