Role of Nanotechnology in Modulating Gut–Adipose Axis Inflammation in Obesity

Nakawungu Catherine

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Kampala International University Uganda

Email: catherine.nakawungu@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

                                                                  ABSTRACT
Obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation and chronic low-grade inflammation, contributes significantly to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The interplay between the gut microbiota and adipose tissue inflammation, known as the gut–adipose axis, is central to the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, triggers systemic inflammation that affects adipose tissue, promoting the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Nanotechnology offers innovative approaches to modulate this gut–adipose axis by targeting the underlying inflammatory processes. Nanomaterials, including nanoparticles (NPs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and nanocomposites, can deliver anti-inflammatory agents or probiotics to modulate gut microbiota composition, improve intestinal permeability, and directly reduce adipose tissue inflammation. These smart nanomaterials respond to the microenvironmental signals of inflammation, offering controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, thereby improving the effectiveness of treatment while minimizing side effects. This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in modulating the gut–adipose axis inflammation in obesity, the mechanisms of action, current therapeutic applications, and challenges associated with translating nanotechnologies into clinical practice. By harnessing nanotechnology, new strategies for managing obesity and its related metabolic disorders could emerge, offering personalized, effective treatments.

Keywords: Gut–adipose axis; Obesity; Inflammation; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticles.

CITE AS: Nakawungu Catherine (2026). Role of Nanotechnology in Modulating Gut–Adipose Axis Inflammation in Obesity. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES, 7(2):125-130.
https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJSES/2026/72.125130