Immune Profiling in BPH: Understanding Chronic Inflammation as a Driver of Prostate Enlargement

Abaho Areeba Fortunate

Department of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda

Email address: fortunate.abaho@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

                                                           ABSTRACT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent age-associated condition characterized by progressive enlargement of the prostate and lower urinary tract symptoms that significantly impair quality of life. Traditionally regarded as a hormonally driven disorder, BPH is now increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease in which immune dysregulation plays a central pathogenic role. Immune profiling studies of prostatic tissue, peripheral blood, and expressed prostatic secretions have consistently demonstrated persistent infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells, accompanied by sustained cytokine and chemokine production. This chronic inflammatory milieu promotes epithelial and stromal proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, smooth muscle hypercontractility, and fibrotic changes that collectively drive prostate enlargement and functional obstruction. Emerging evidence also highlights the interaction between immune activation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, aging, and metabolic dysfunction as critical amplifiers of inflammatory signaling in BPH. Importantly, interindividual variability in immune signatures correlates with prostate volume, symptom severity, and therapeutic responsiveness, underscoring the clinical relevance of immune heterogeneity. This section synthesizes current knowledge on immune cell composition, inflammatory mediators, and mechanistic pathways linking chronic inflammation to prostatic remodeling. Understanding immune profiling in BPH provides a framework for redefining disease pathogenesis and supports the development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies as adjuncts or alternatives to conventional therapies.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; chronic inflammation; immune profiling; cytokines; prostate remodeling.

CITE AS: Abaho Areeba Fortunate (2026). Immune Profiling in BPH: Understanding Chronic Inflammation as a Driver of Prostate Enlargement. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES, 7(2):10-15.
https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJSES/2026/72.1015