Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts

Bwanbale Geoffrey David

Faculty of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda

                                                                          ABSTRACT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent condition in aging men and a major contributor to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Increasing evidence implicates chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as central drivers of prostate tissue remodeling, stromal–epithelial interactions, and symptomatic progression. This review synthesizes current understandings of the inflammatory and redox biology underpinning BPH, examines key cellular and molecular mechanisms, evaluates candidate biomarkers, and explores therapeutic implications. We highlight how innate and adaptive immune activation, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling converge to promote proliferative and fibrotic pathways in the prostate. Novel and emerging areas-including the role of the prostate microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired antioxidant responses (e.g., Nrf2 signaling), and immunometabolic reprogramming-offer fresh mechanistic insight and potential therapeutic targets. Finally, we identify gaps in translational evidence and propose priorities for future research, emphasizing the need for longitudinal, mechanism-focused clinical studies and biomarker-guided interventional trials.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, Nrf.

CITE AS: Bwanbale Geoffrey David. (2026). Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PHARMACY, 7(2):38-45. https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJPP/2026/7213845