The Effectiveness of Borehole Water Systems in Reducing Diarrhea in Rural West Africa: A Review

Mugisha Emmanuel K.

Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda

                                                                           ABSTRACT
Access to clean drinking water is essential for public health, particularly in rural areas of West Africa, where waterborne diseases such as diarrhea remain a significant threat. Borehole water systems have become a key solution to providing safe drinking water in these communities. This review examines the effectiveness of borehole water systems in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, a major health issue in rural West Africa. The study analyzes existing literature and evidence, focusing on the role of boreholes in improving water quality and public health outcomes, particularly in children under five. The review highlights both successes and challenges, including the importance of community engagement, proper maintenance, water quality monitoring, and hygiene education. While boreholes have proven to reduce diarrheal diseases in some areas, issues such as system sustainability, contamination risks, and inequitable access remain significant obstacles. The findings suggest that for borehole systems to be effective in the long term, improvements in maintenance, monitoring, and community involvement are essential. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, NGOs, and development practitioners working to improve water access and public health in similar settings.

Keywords: Borehole water systems, waterborne diseases, diarrhea, rural West Africa, public health, water quality.

CITE AS: Mugisha Emmanuel K. (2026). The Effectiveness of Borehole Water Systems in Reducing Diarrhea in Rural West Africa: A Review. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PHARMACY, 7(2):14-18. https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJPP/2026/721418