Neurotoxicity Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Disorders: Insights from Malaria, Diabetes, and Arthritis Models

Nassimbwa Kabanda D.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

                                                                                               ABSTRACT
Systemic inflammatory disorders such as malaria, diabetes, and arthritis have long been recognized for their multiorgan effects, yet their impact on the central nervous system (CNS) remains an expanding area of research. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress constitute the main pathological link between these systemic diseases and neurodegeneration. In malaria, inflammatory cytokine surges and oxidative injury disrupt the blood–brain barrier and trigger neuronal apoptosis. Diabetes-induced neurotoxicity arises from hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and microvascular impairment. Similarly, in arthritis, persistent systemic inflammation and oxidative stress alter neuronal metabolism and promote neuroinflammation. This review explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity in systemic inflammatory disorders, emphasizing the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine signaling, and microglial activation. It also discusses potential therapeutic interventions targeting redox and inflammatory pathways, including antioxidant therapy, cytokine modulation, and neuroprotective phytochemicals. Understanding the interplay between systemic inflammation and neural injury offers valuable insights into developing strategies for mitigating CNS complications in metabolic and infectious diseases.

Keywords: Neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, malaria, diabetes, arthritis

CITE AS: Nassimbwa Kabanda D. (2026). Neurotoxicity Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Disorders: Insights from Malaria, Diabetes, and Arthritis Models. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PHARMACY,7(1):117-122.
https://doi.org/10.59298/NIJPP/2026/71117122